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(No Model.)` 1 I v V.' W. BLANCHARD.

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FURNAGB.

y No. 413,896." Patented oct. 29, 1889.

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NITED STATEsPATENT GFFICE.

YTo all whom it may-concern:

- Be it known that LVIRGIL W.,BLANCHARD, 'of New York, in thelcounty of New York and viReiL w. BLANCHARD', oF NEwYoRK, N. Y., AssieNoR To JosEPi-i A.

DAVIS, OF SAME PLACE.

FU RNAC E.

SPECIFICATION forming' part of Letters Patent No. 413,896-, dated October .29, 18589.

Application filed March 29, 1889. Serial No.A 305,298. (No model.) 4

i lState of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inFurnaces; and I ydo hereby declare that thefollowing isafull,

clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and

"improved furnace.

to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form partI of this specification, in Whichr Figure 1 is a dial'netrical section through my Fig. 2 is'a horizontal section through the furnace, taken in the plane indicated by the dotted'line oir-Fig. 1.

Fig; 3 isa sectional detail-showing the manner. of securing the fire-bricks to the hollow arch above the fuel-chamber ofthe retort.4

This invention relates to improvements on the construction of furnaces which operate onv the principle described in the Letters Patent granted to me on the 11th lday of December,

1883, and numbered. 289,963, which improve-- mentswill be fully-understood from the following description and claims.

' Reference being made by' letters to the drawings, A designates the* ash-chamber of the furnace; B, the fu el-support, which maybe made of metal bars or which is preferably of perforated fire-brick. l

C is the fuelchamber; D, ahollow dome above this chamber. E `is a double-wall-fire-brick magazine o'r tube arranged over the fuel-chamber and ris;- ing from the hollow dome. D into a mixingchamber F, outside of which isa secondary mixing-chamber G, that communicates with anoutlet G.

The ash-pit A is supplied with air in regu-B lated quantities by means of a pipe Il, proivided with a valve h andfleading through the outer wall A of the furnace, and may com.-

strong furnace-wall the casing of which is protected from intense heat 'by the non-conlducting media c d, thelatter or gauze serving f to form numerous air-spaces between the `sheets of asbestus. The top of the vertical furnace-wall is composed of a strong external metal slab b', of lire-brick lining, and the nonconducting media described for the vertical wall. be constructed of vmetal sections having a convolute channel through it communicating at one end with a pipe l-I ,having a valve h', for the introduction of heated air under pressure, and at the other end with the annular space c between thewallsvE of the magazine E. The top and bottom of the dome D are covered with fire-bricks f, which may be seg-ments of circles, and which are secured in their places by vmeans of dovetail keys g and bolts g', as

The double wall or hollow domeD may shown in Fig. 3. Both the inner and outer walls E of the magazine are thickly perforated for jetting air into this magazine, andk also into a narrow space Lqisurrounding 1t, which `space constitutes part of the mixing-chamber F4 and communicates-at several points/rl at its lower end with the lower end of the gas-mix ing chamber Gr.

It is important that the vertical space y, surrounding the magazine E, should be smallv say about seven-eighths the area of the tube through the magazinefrsu for the reason that the gases should be condensed as they pass from the mixing-chamber F into cham.-

ber G, at the same time being supplied withv vhighly-heated air in jets from the chamber e between the wallsE ofthe magazine, and, second, to cause a regurgitation of the gases, or flow thereof, back into the fuelchamber again cated by the course of the arrows, Fig. 1. The

lproducts of the distillation of fuel in chamber C will rise through the center of the magazine E into the chamber F and be charged with highly-heated air, and as the gases accumulate in this chamber, owing to the contracted outlet,a portion of them will'descend into the fuel-chamber O, and thence return into 'the mixing-chamber F,jas above described, and indicated by the arrows, Fig. 1.

By these means'a most perfect combustion of v,the products of distillation is the result, and

an intense heat is nproduced even before the -Aand through the bed of fuel therein, as indi-VY IOO gases are introduced into the mixing-chamber Gr. :In thislatter chamber Gr, l have 'horizontally arranged a number of fire-lorickrin'gs J, the edges'of which fare recessedintothe fire-` brick walls et W for the purpose of securing them in place. Apertures are made vertically through the rings J and so arranged thatthe gases in their upward flight are compelled to take a tortuous course through the mixingchamber G, wherein they are subjected to the intense white heat of the walls a W and the said perforated rings J.

The surrounding wall W of mixing-chamber F is surmounted by a cap or head K, of fire-brick, which is fitted gas-tight on top of said walls and firmly secured to the top walls of the chamber G by means of bolts and nuts L, as shown in Fig. l, or other suitable manner. Centrally through cap K is a passage t, through which fuel is fed to the fuel-chamber C, the passage being closed by a suitable Valve or door t during the operation of the furnace.

Briefly the operation may be stated as follows: A sufficient amount of fuel is supplied to chamber C to start a fire. The valve h in pipe H is shut and the valve'in pipe H fully opened,more fuel is added, and when it has been raised to a high state of incandescence the valve 7L of pipe'II is nearly closed, allowing only such a quantity of air under press- `ure to enterthe ash-pit as is sufficient to keep down the temperature of the.y grate. Valve h in pipe H is now opened and a strong blast of heated air is forced through dome I) into chamber e between-walls E', surrounding the magazine or vertical 'passage E, from whichv chamber e the air (or oxygen) is forced in jets through both walls E and caused to commingle with the gases which regurgitate down through the magazine upon and into the bed of incandescent fuel, whcrebya rapid combustion of fuel is realized,and the gases descending through the narrow passage j are mixed-before they enter the mixing-chamber. In chamber F and passage j the gases resulting from the. distillation of the fuel unite with the oxygen of the air and form carbonicoxide gas, which is subsequently further suppliedwith air or oxygen and carbonio-acid gas by the means above described, which is conducted off through-outlet G.

v-Byvthe process of combustion in the furnace above described the hydrogenous element ofthe fuelis the first to be liberated above rthe grate, such liberation being effected soon after the fire is kindled at a temperature of about 200o to 800O Fahrenheit.

' The hydrogen in a gaseous form immediately rises into chamber F and is consumed by the free oxygensupplied through the inner' perforated wall of the air-magazine. The comvbustion of thev hydrogen in this closed top central portion of the furnace soon raises the temperature of the air-magazine and the mixing-chamber lto a state of intense incandescence, which is of great service in effecting a perfect combustion of all of the combustible elements by which they are traversed.

-Having thus described my inventiomwhat I claim is- 1. Ina furnace, the double-wall magazine vor tube E, having both of its walls perforated horizontally, -in combination with an air-supply pipe, a fuel-chamber, a mixing-chamber above said tube, and a narrow vertical passage leading from th'e latter to an exterior mixing-chamber G, all constructed and adapted to operate substantially as described.

2. In a furnace, the combination, with a fire-chamber, of a hollow dome above the same, having an interior air-channel, a tube rising from said dome and having double Walls, each laterally perforated, the space between the walls of said tube communicating with the air-passage in said dome, the mixing chamber above said tube, the descending flue exterior thereto, and the exterior gas-mixing chamberv communicating at bottom with said fine, substantially as described.

In afurnace, the combination of a central double-wall -magazine, both of the walls of which are perforated, a double-walled dome having an air-channel communicating with the space between the-walls of the magazine, means for supplying air thereto under pressure, a mixing-chamber F, passages j t', and a mixing-chamber G, having perforated rings in it, substantially as described.

4. In a furnace, the combination of the fuel-chamber C, the hollow dome D, open at top, the double-walled tube havingeachwall perforated, the mixing-chamber F, descending flues exterior to said tubefand the exterior chamber G, and annular perforated-rings therein, all constructed and arranged to operate substantially as and for the purpose described.

5. In a furnace, the combinatiom'with a fire-box, of a dome D,fa double-walled tube having each wall perforated, an annular-wall W exterior thereto,anda cap closing the top of said Wall, all substantially as and for the purpose specified.

6. A furnace consisting of-an' exteriorcasing, a fire-chamber therein,a hollowdome D, the double-walled tube having each wall perforated, the wall W exterior to said tube, the cap K, and annular perforated rings J J, all substantiallyl as described.

7. In a furnace, the combination of the fuelchamber C, having a grate, ahollow dome D,

tube E,`having double laterally -fperforated walls, mixing-chamber F above said tube, the

- descending flues insidethe same, the air-supply passages and jets insaid dome and tube,

and. the mixing-'chamberG exterior tofsaid tube and chamber F and Lseparated-therefrom by a lire-brick wall, all constructed-and .arrangedl to operate substantially as andffor thepurpose described.

In testimony that I-claim the foregoing as my own I affix my signature infpresence of two VIRGIL -W. BLANCHARD. lVitnesses:

vClins. =R. CLARKE, THos. M.' WYATT.

witnesses.

IOO

IIO 

